Eicon
Publications
The company frequently publishes white papers, articles, and insights addressing trending topics in Telecom and contributing in the development and growth of sector.
Private Networks: Spectrum Bands and Fees
Type: Article
Date: Oct 2025
This document summarises the findings of a recent study conducted by Eicon across 43 countries, for the purpose of identifying spectrum band allocations, and licensing frameworks, for private networks across different regulatory regimes. The study also examines spectrum pricing models adopted specifically for private networks.
Date: Oct 2025
This document summarises the findings of a recent study conducted by Eicon across 43 countries, for the purpose of identifying spectrum band allocations, and licensing frameworks, for private networks across different regulatory regimes. The study also examines spectrum pricing models adopted specifically for private networks.
The Global Decline of IMT Spectrum Prices
Type: Article
Date: Jul 2025
In this article, we examine the evolving landscape of spectrum pricing, for sub-1GHz, lower midbands, and C-band, tracking each band’s lifecycle from licensing to price stabilisation. Based on 435 benchmarks (978 licenses), our findings confirm significant price declines across major IMT bands – highlighting the need for pricing strategies that better reflect market maturity, and economic conditions.
Date: Jul 2025
In this article, we examine the evolving landscape of spectrum pricing, for sub-1GHz, lower midbands, and C-band, tracking each band’s lifecycle from licensing to price stabilisation. Based on 435 benchmarks (978 licenses), our findings confirm significant price declines across major IMT bands – highlighting the need for pricing strategies that better reflect market maturity, and economic conditions.
A Flurry of Activity in U.S. Secondary Spectrum Markets
Type: Article
Date: Jan 2025
A number of transactions have taken place in U.S. secondary spectrum markets since Q3 2024. This article examines T-Mobile's swap of 3.45GHz for 2.5GHz, as well as transactions involving UScellular, which has offloaded a considerable portion of its spectrum holdings to AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile, and more recently, to Nex-Tech Wireless and Nsight.
Date: Jan 2025
A number of transactions have taken place in U.S. secondary spectrum markets since Q3 2024. This article examines T-Mobile's swap of 3.45GHz for 2.5GHz, as well as transactions involving UScellular, which has offloaded a considerable portion of its spectrum holdings to AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile, and more recently, to Nex-Tech Wireless and Nsight.
Hong Kong, first to award 6GHz for IMT
Type: Article
Date: Dec 2024
OFCA concluded its spectrum auction, raising $373.4 million. A total of 110MHz were re-assigned on the 850, 900, and 2300MHz bands, while 300MHz were assigned at 6GHz. This brief is an addendum to our previous article , in which we review auction results, and compare with set reserve prices, and with our valuation of the 6GHz band.
Date: Dec 2024
OFCA concluded its spectrum auction, raising $373.4 million. A total of 110MHz were re-assigned on the 850, 900, and 2300MHz bands, while 300MHz were assigned at 6GHz. This brief is an addendum to our previous article , in which we review auction results, and compare with set reserve prices, and with our valuation of the 6GHz band.
Valuation of Hong Kong 6GHz auction
Type: Article
Date: Aug 2024
Hong Kong plans to auction spectrum in: 850, 900, 2300MHz, and 6GHz in Nov-2024. The move to auction 6GHz may be among the first world-wide, hence no clear reference price benchmarks are available. In this brief, we review previous auction and reserve prices, for all bands awarded in Hong Kong. We also suggest possible means to valuate 6GHz.
Date: Aug 2024
Hong Kong plans to auction spectrum in: 850, 900, 2300MHz, and 6GHz in Nov-2024. The move to auction 6GHz may be among the first world-wide, hence no clear reference price benchmarks are available. In this brief, we review previous auction and reserve prices, for all bands awarded in Hong Kong. We also suggest possible means to valuate 6GHz.
Chile concludes the second round of 5G awards
Type: Article
Date: Jul 2024
Chile completed the second 5G auction, in the 3.5GHz band, on 17 June 2024. Claro won at a total of $90 million, following a first-round technical tie, between Entel and Claro. Here, we examine the price of 3.5GHz awarded in Chile in 2024, and back in 2021, and look at overall 3.5GHz price trends worldwide.
Date: Jul 2024
Chile completed the second 5G auction, in the 3.5GHz band, on 17 June 2024. Claro won at a total of $90 million, following a first-round technical tie, between Entel and Claro. Here, we examine the price of 3.5GHz awarded in Chile in 2024, and back in 2021, and look at overall 3.5GHz price trends worldwide.
Spectrum pricing for upcoming awards in Botswana
Type: Article
Date: May 2024
BOCRA, the telecom regulator in Botswana, recently issued an EoI invitation, for spectrum licenses in the 700, 2300, and 2600 MHz bands. In this article, we present price benchmarks for the bands to be released, which could form the basis on which licenses are priced
Date: May 2024
BOCRA, the telecom regulator in Botswana, recently issued an EoI invitation, for spectrum licenses in the 700, 2300, and 2600 MHz bands. In this article, we present price benchmarks for the bands to be released, which could form the basis on which licenses are priced
Pricing of 5G bands to be awarded in Tunisia
Type: Article
Date: Apr 2024
Tunisia will launch 5G services in December 2024. Check our article on price benchmarks for the 5G bands to be awarded: 700MHz, 2.6GHz, 3.5GHz, and 26GHz
Date: Apr 2024
Tunisia will launch 5G services in December 2024. Check our article on price benchmarks for the 5G bands to be awarded: 700MHz, 2.6GHz, 3.5GHz, and 26GHz
Starlink regulatory approvals in MENA countries
Type: Article
Date: Feb 2024
The status-quo of Starlink’s regulatory approvals varies between MENA countries. Few have awarded full regulatory approvals (Bahrain, Jordan, Oman, Qatar), while others deployed pilot projects (Lebanon, Tunisia, Yemen), or initiated discussions (Iraq, Kuwait, Palestine).
Date: Feb 2024
The status-quo of Starlink’s regulatory approvals varies between MENA countries. Few have awarded full regulatory approvals (Bahrain, Jordan, Oman, Qatar), while others deployed pilot projects (Lebanon, Tunisia, Yemen), or initiated discussions (Iraq, Kuwait, Palestine).
أبرز مخرجات المؤتمر الراديوي العالمي 2023
Type: Article
Date: Jan 2024
حدد المؤتمر الراديوي العالمي 2023 حزم للهاتف النقال وأخرى للمحطات العالية الارتفاع كمحطات الاتصالات النقال الدولية. كما تناول موضوعات عديدة متعلقة بالفضاء والسواتل. اقرأ هذا التقرير الذي يلخص أبرز مخرجات المؤتمر الراديوي العالمي 2023.
Date: Jan 2024
حدد المؤتمر الراديوي العالمي 2023 حزم للهاتف النقال وأخرى للمحطات العالية الارتفاع كمحطات الاتصالات النقال الدولية. كما تناول موضوعات عديدة متعلقة بالفضاء والسواتل. اقرأ هذا التقرير الذي يلخص أبرز مخرجات المؤتمر الراديوي العالمي 2023.
Takeaways from WRC-23
Type: Article
Date: Jan 2024
WRC-23 covered contentious topics, including IMT identifications (UHF, 3.5GHz, 6GHz), HIBS, and space/satellite-related decisions. Parties left satisfied and claimed victory, with harmonisation becoming less attainable. Check our article for key outcomes of WRC-23.
Date: Jan 2024
WRC-23 covered contentious topics, including IMT identifications (UHF, 3.5GHz, 6GHz), HIBS, and space/satellite-related decisions. Parties left satisfied and claimed victory, with harmonisation becoming less attainable. Check our article for key outcomes of WRC-23.
Argentina 3.5GHz auction
Type: Article
Date: Nov 2023
Argentina's National Communications Agency ENACOM completed its 5G auction in the 3.3-3.6GHz band on 24 Oct 2023. Spectrum was sold to the three incumbents: Claro, Telecom Argentina, and Telefonica, raising a total of $875 million. Check this brief review, where we compare auction results with reserve prices set, as well as international benchmarks.
Date: Nov 2023
Argentina's National Communications Agency ENACOM completed its 5G auction in the 3.3-3.6GHz band on 24 Oct 2023. Spectrum was sold to the three incumbents: Claro, Telecom Argentina, and Telefonica, raising a total of $875 million. Check this brief review, where we compare auction results with reserve prices set, as well as international benchmarks.
Poland 3.5GHz auction
Type: Article
Date: Oct 2023
Poland UKE concluded the long awaited 3.5GHz auction intended to support 5G. Four lots of 100MHz licenses were sold, raising a total of $455 million. The reserve price set by UKE ranks average among prices set by other EU regulators, while auction prices were not much higher than reserve.
Date: Oct 2023
Poland UKE concluded the long awaited 3.5GHz auction intended to support 5G. Four lots of 100MHz licenses were sold, raising a total of $455 million. The reserve price set by UKE ranks average among prices set by other EU regulators, while auction prices were not much higher than reserve.
Sweden's multi-band auction
Type: Article
Date: Oct 2023
The Swedish Post and Telecom Authority (PTS) have successfully concluded a spectrum auction in the 900, 2100, and 2600 MHz bands, raising a total of 4.23 billion SEK (380 million USD). In this brief, we compare spectrum prices of the auctioned bands against set reserve prices, and with selected international benchmarks.
Date: Oct 2023
The Swedish Post and Telecom Authority (PTS) have successfully concluded a spectrum auction in the 900, 2100, and 2600 MHz bands, raising a total of 4.23 billion SEK (380 million USD). In this brief, we compare spectrum prices of the auctioned bands against set reserve prices, and with selected international benchmarks.
3300-3800MHz Pricing
Type: Article
Date: Mar 2023
Demand for mid-band spectrum, specifically 3300-3800MHz has gained momentum over the past years for deployment of 5G networks. Here, we review prices of the band, split into three ranges of interest, and estimate benchmark prices for each.
Date: Mar 2023
Demand for mid-band spectrum, specifically 3300-3800MHz has gained momentum over the past years for deployment of 5G networks. Here, we review prices of the band, split into three ranges of interest, and estimate benchmark prices for each.
Norway Private 5G
Type: Article
Date: Jan 2023
Norwegian Communications Authority (Nkom) recently opened up 3.8-4.2GHz for local area 5G networks. Industry may now apply for up to 80MHz of spectrum. Check this brief review on 3.8-4.2GHz for private 5G, which also compares prices with that of other European countries.
Date: Jan 2023
Norwegian Communications Authority (Nkom) recently opened up 3.8-4.2GHz for local area 5G networks. Industry may now apply for up to 80MHz of spectrum. Check this brief review on 3.8-4.2GHz for private 5G, which also compares prices with that of other European countries.
Spectrum Price of Tanzania's Multi-band Auction
Type: Article
Date: Oct 2022
Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority (TCRA) successfully concluded a multi-band auction, releasing 360MHz for a total of $187.5 million. Check this brief review, where we analyse spectrum prices, and compare with international benchmarks and reserve prices.
Date: Oct 2022
Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority (TCRA) successfully concluded a multi-band auction, releasing 360MHz for a total of $187.5 million. Check this brief review, where we analyse spectrum prices, and compare with international benchmarks and reserve prices.
ASMG mid-band survey
Type: Survey
Date: Sep 2022
EICON undertook a survey directed to National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) of Arab countries, to understand their positions and views on mid-band spectrum, C-band and 6 GHz.
Date: Sep 2022
EICON undertook a survey directed to National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) of Arab countries, to understand their positions and views on mid-band spectrum, C-band and 6 GHz.
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BIPT Belgium, August 2022
Type: Article
Date: Aug 2022
Telecom Regulator in Belgium (BIPT) concluded a 5G auction raising a total of €1.42 billion. In this report, spectrum prices from the auction are analysed for each of the offered bands, then compared with market prices, and with set reserve prices.
Date: Aug 2022
Telecom Regulator in Belgium (BIPT) concluded a 5G auction raising a total of €1.42 billion. In this report, spectrum prices from the auction are analysed for each of the offered bands, then compared with market prices, and with set reserve prices.
Regulatory Positions on the 3.8-4.2GHz Band
Type: Insight
Date: Jun 2022
A brief overview on how 3.8-4.2GHz is being addressed from a Regulatory Perspective in several countries.
Date: Jun 2022
A brief overview on how 3.8-4.2GHz is being addressed from a Regulatory Perspective in several countries.
EETT Greece, May 2022
Type: Article
Date: May 2022
EETT (Greece) awarded 410-430MHz spectrum to Cosmote, for EUR1.15 Million. This compares well with our valuation of the band. Read our report to find out.
Date: May 2022
EETT (Greece) awarded 410-430MHz spectrum to Cosmote, for EUR1.15 Million. This compares well with our valuation of the band. Read our report to find out.
NTRA Egypt, Feb 2022
Type: Article
Date: Feb 2022
NTRA Egypt assigned more spectrum in 2.6GHz TDD band to Orange following previous awards on the same band in 2020 to: Vodafone, Egypt Telecom, and Etisalat. The main question arises: Is it enough and at what price? Read the full article to find out.
Date: Feb 2022
NTRA Egypt assigned more spectrum in 2.6GHz TDD band to Orange following previous awards on the same band in 2020 to: Vodafone, Egypt Telecom, and Etisalat. The main question arises: Is it enough and at what price? Read the full article to find out.
الجهاز القومي لتنظيم الاتصالات المصري
Type: مقال
Date: Feb 2022
اعلن الجهاز القومي لتنظيم للاتصالات مؤخرًا عن تخصيص الØزمة 2.6 جيغاهيرتز غير المقترنة لشركة أورنج بعد التخصيصات التي منØت عام ٢٠٢٠للشركات: ÙوداÙون والمصرية للاتصالات واتصالات مصر. هل يكÙÙŠ وبأي ثمن؟
Date: Feb 2022
اعلن الجهاز القومي لتنظيم للاتصالات مؤخرًا عن تخصيص الØزمة 2.6 جيغاهيرتز غير المقترنة لشركة أورنج بعد التخصيصات التي منØت عام ٢٠٢٠للشركات: ÙوداÙون والمصرية للاتصالات واتصالات مصر. هل يكÙÙŠ وبأي ثمن؟
CITC Consultations, Nov 2021
Type: Project
Date: Nov 2021
Download Eicon's spectrum price benchmarking for CITC's 2100MHz auction in KSA, following a public consultation released on October 2021
Date: Nov 2021
Download Eicon's spectrum price benchmarking for CITC's 2100MHz auction in KSA, following a public consultation released on October 2021
410/450MHz Pricing, Sep. 2021
Type: Insight
Date: Sep 2021
Eicon recently published the report entitled: "An insight into Spectrum Price Benchmarks for the 410/450 bands". Following discussions on the overall methodology with Argonet, an Addendum was prepared taking into account Argonet’s inputs and valuating the 410/450 bands for Austria, 2021.
Date: Sep 2021
Eicon recently published the report entitled: "An insight into Spectrum Price Benchmarks for the 410/450 bands". Following discussions on the overall methodology with Argonet, an Addendum was prepared taking into account Argonet’s inputs and valuating the 410/450 bands for Austria, 2021.
410/450 CITC, Ofcom Consultations
Type: Project
Date: May 2021
Eicon undertook a study for Motorola Solutions, in support of their response to Consultations by CITC, Saudi Arabia, May 2021, and Ofcom, United Kingdom, June 2021 on the fees to be charged for 410-430MHz.
Date: May 2021
Eicon undertook a study for Motorola Solutions, in support of their response to Consultations by CITC, Saudi Arabia, May 2021, and Ofcom, United Kingdom, June 2021 on the fees to be charged for 410-430MHz.
